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Daniel D's avatar

What you said about the importance of creating an alternate authority, such as a government in exile, to short-circuit the "obey authority" programming, is profound. Also profound, and profoundly disturbing, is what you noted about the willingness of most people to follow orders from an authority figure, no matter how threadbare that figure's claim to legitimacy may be, if those people have no other authority figure readily available to follow. As Stanley Milgrim's experiments on obeying authority showed, "just following orders" is usually the default for most people, and as you noted, pragmatism demands working with that aspect of human nature rather than against it.

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Blissex's avatar

Because some people do... Consider WW2: in 1943 it was quite clear on the western front that the Axis had lost the war. The italian army dissolved, and spared themselves a lot of deaths, the german and japanese militaries continued to fight to the bitter end, pointlessly. To some extent it was a question of authority: the german and japanese lower officers *might* have imagined that continuing to fight might have resulted in better terms for the inevitable surrender, but surely the higher and general officers could not have such an illusion. In Afghanistan recently a NATO general said that they expected the afghan army to last 6 months before surrendering to the Taliban, and instead it dissolved: but of course, why should have they risked being killed for a further 6 months, given that surrender was regardless inevitable?

As to Ukraine here is a quote from a swiss military analyst:

https://www.thepostil.com/the-military-situation-in-the-ukraine/?s=09

“In 2014, when I was at NATO, I was responsible for the fight against the proliferation of small arms, and we were trying to detect Russian arms deliveries to the rebels, to see if Moscow was involved. The information we received then came almost entirely from Polish intelligence services and did not “fit” with the information coming from the OSCE — despite rather crude allegations, there were no deliveries of weapons and military equipment from Russia. The rebels were armed thanks to the defection of Russian-speaking Ukrainian units that went over to the rebel side. As Ukrainian failures continued, tank, artillery and anti-aircraft battalions swelled the ranks of the autonomists. This is what pushed the Ukrainians to commit to the Minsk Agreements.

[...] The Ukrainian army was then in a deplorable state. In October 2018, after four years of war, the chief Ukrainian military prosecutor, Anatoly Matios, stated that Ukraine had lost 2,700 men in the Donbass: 891 from illnesses, 318 from road accidents, 177 from other accidents, 175 from poisonings (alcohol, drugs), 172 from careless handling of weapons, 101 from breaches of security regulations, 228 from murders and 615 from suicides. In fact, the army was undermined by the corruption of its cadres and no longer enjoyed the support of the population. According to a British Home Office report, in the March/April 2014 recall of reservists, 70 percent did not show up for the first session, 80 percent for the second, 90 percent for the third, and 95 percent for the fourth. In October/November 2017, 70% of conscripts did not show up for the “Fall 2017” recall campaign. This is not counting suicides and desertions (often over to the autonomists), which reached up to 30 percent of the workforce in the ATO area. Young Ukrainians refused to go and fight in the Donbass and preferred emigration, which also explains, at least partially, the demographic deficit of the country.

[...] The Ukrainian Ministry of Defense then turned to NATO to help make its armed forces more “attractive.” Having already worked on similar projects within the framework of the United Nations, I was asked by NATO to participate in a program to restore the image of the Ukrainian armed forces. But this is a long-term process and the Ukrainians wanted to move quickly. So, to compensate for the lack of soldiers, the Ukrainian government resorted to paramilitary militias. They are essentially composed of foreign mercenaries, often extreme right-wing militants. In 2020, they constituted about 40 percent of the Ukrainian forces and numbered about 102,000 men, according to Reuters. They were armed, financed and trained by the United States, Great Britain, Canada and France. There were more than 19 nationalities — including Swiss.”

So during the 8 year long war of aggression by the ukrainian fascists against the Donbas, the much bigger ukrainian armed forces were beaten and stalled by a much smaller Donbas force because they did not have a will to fight.

In the current situation it is mostly the fanatical fascists and ruthenian xenophobes who have been fighting hard and the rest (the reservists) are at best for garrison duty. The fanatical fascists and ruthenians have been ground down slowly, because as they numbered 100,000-150,000 then they were the same size as the "special military operation" counter-attacking forces rather than 1/3 the size. At some point not many fanatics will be left, the reservists will not be that enthusiastic to die for Biden, and there will be a tipping point. Especially as millions and millions of ukrainian wives and children have moved safely to other countries.

Then the insurgency phase will begin.

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